EMR & EHR Blog for Physicians

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The world of healthcare is changing especially so in the light of an estimated 30 million new patients that will be added to the healthcare system. Most of them will be tended to by Family Doctors (including internists and pediatricians). Primary care practices typically measure productivity according to the number of visits, which also drives payment (which is less than half the money earned by specialists).

Besides the low salaries, there is tons of work that does not involve a visit from a patient, is invisible to those who support and purchase primary care and is therefore uncompensated.

In a recent study documented, each internist handled 18 visits per day in addition to the following unpaid tasks:

• 24 telephone calls (80% handled directly by Physicians; 28% resulted in writing of prescription and 8% ended in ordering of new tests)
• 12 prescription refills processed
• 20 laboratory reports read - they frequently trigger a review or adjustment of a medication, which requires access to accurate, current medication lists with doses.
• 14 consultation reports from specialists examined
• 11 X-ray and other imaging reports reviewed which may require updating problem lists or further referrals
• 17 e-mail messages including interpreting test results (59%) or responding to patients (22%)

The above numbers reveal phenomenal quantum of uncompensated work that is performed by primary care providers. If the metrics used for compensating these providers is not changed quickly, then it is easy to predict that the shortage of family doctors will increase at a rapid pace and the complete primary healthcare ecosystem will start crumbling.

The same study also dealt with implementation of Electronic Health Records and the changes in practice design that this brought forth in a Primary Care setting. Primary Care Physicians play a number of roles in the course of discharging their daily duties - from making diagnoses and providing treatment to ordering tests and filling out forms. How and by whom the work is done is dependent on both the skills of available support (non-physician) staff and the extent of information-technology support.

When EHR Software is implemented in a Primary Care Clinic, roles played by Clinic personnel often change. In this documented case study, the following changes were recorded:

1. The job profile of the registered nurse changed significantly after implementation of Electronic Health Records. While the nurse's work could be handled by personnel without any nursing skills, new duties of the nurse included doing "information triage" of incoming laboratory reports, telephone calls, and consultation notes.
2. Additional front-desk staff and medical assistants were hired to handle the increased tasks associated with the comprehensive management of chronic diseases like diabetes, etc.
3. Productivity metrics of the Physicians were changed from just using total charges (or number of visits) to including telephone calls and e-mails handled.
4. Doctors now rely on availability of comprehensive, contemporaneous structured data when responding to telephonic calls and lab results.
   
5. The purpose of documentation has shifted from billing to ongoing clinical care, and the EHR is now used more for 'information management' and 'active support of clinical-practice activities' (rather than mere progress note generation).

This study provides an idea of the direction of changes needed if family practices are to flourish and more effectively improve the health of patients and contain costs. It also shows how Electronic Health Records can support clinical processes and bring efficiencies in a primary care setting. EHR or EMR is not just a progress note generation tool as some Physicians erroneously believe!

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RevenueXL Inc. assists medical practices in the assessment, selection and implementation of Medical Software including EMR Software (also called EHR Software), Patient Portal, and Practice Management or Medical Billing software. RevenueXL offers a free consultation session to review your current challenges and answer open questions revolving around EMR and revenue cycle.

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I cam across an interesting article on a very important topic that is very relevant in the light of recent discussion and legislation on 'meaningful use' of Electronic Medical Records (aka Electronic Health Records).

It was a survey that involved sixty respondents, including 52 physicians or staff from 26 practices with commercial ambulatory care EMRs in place for at least 2 years, chief medical officers at four EMR vendors, and four national thought leaders. There were 6 major findings:

1. EMRs facilitate within-office care coordination, chiefly by providing access to data during patient encounters and through electronic messaging;
2. EMRs are less able to support coordination between clinicians and settings, in part due to their design and a lack of standardization of key data elements required for information exchange;
3. Managing information overflow from EMRs is a challenge for clinicians;
4. Clinicians believe current EMRs cannot adequately capture the medical decision-making process and future care plans to support coordination;
5. Realizing EMRs' potential for facilitating coordination requires evolution of practice operational processes;
6. Current fee-for-service reimbursement encourages EMR use for documentation of billable events (office visits, procedures) and not of care coordination (which is not a billable activity).

The third goal of 'meaningful use' focuses on improving care coordination by enabling exchange of meaningful clinical information among professional health care team by requiring the EHR to possess the following capabilities and functions:

1. Capability to exchange key clinical information (for example, problem list, medication list, allergies, and diagnostic test results), among providers of care and patient authorized entities electronically.
2. Perform medication reconciliation at relevant encounters and each transition of care.
3. Provide summary care record for each transition of care or referral.

Given the survey findings listed in the earlier part of this blog, I am personally skeptical how many of the current versions of EHR Software solutions can pass the three capability tests (as above). The jury is out and we will better know which EMR / EHR Solutions will effectively meet the goal as far as co-ordination of care is concerned in the next few months.

If any EMR / EHR vendors or current users of EMR / EHR solutions would like to share their understanding, knowledge or perspective on this topic, please feel free to leave a comment.

We will continue exploring different aspects of 'meaningful use' over the next several weeks.

 

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RevenueXL Inc. assists medical practices in the assessment, selection and implementation of Medical Software including EMR Software (also called EHR Software), Patient Portal, and Practice Management or Medical Billing software. RevenueXL offers a free consultation session to review your current challenges and answer open questions revolving around EMR and revenue cycle.

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HHS yesterday issued two sets of long-awaited and much-anticipated federal regulations:

1. List of "meaningful use" criteria that healthcare providers must meet to qualify for federal IT subsidies based on how they use their electronic health records. 
2. The standards and certification criteria that those EHRs must meet for their users to collect the money.

Phased Approach to Meaningful Use

What has been proposed is a phased approach that encompasses reasonable criteria for meaningful use based on currently available technology capabilities and provider practice experience, and builds up to a more robust definition of meaningful use, based on anticipated technology and capabilities development.

Under this phased approach to meaningful use, the criteria of meaningful use would get updated through future rulemaking. The initial meaningful use criteria have been referred to as "Stage 1."

(Stage 2 criteria are expected to be proposed by the end of 2011 and the Stage 3 definition may be proposed by the end of 2013.)

Stage 1 Meaningful Use Criteria

The Stage 1 meaningful use criteria focuses on electronically capturing health information in a coded format; using that information to track key clinical conditions and communicating that information for care coordination purposes (whether that information is structured or unstructured, but in structured format whenever feasible); consistent with other provisions of Medicare and Medicaid law, implementing clinical decision support tools to facilitate disease and medication management; and reporting clinical quality measures and public health information.

Stage 2 and Stage 3 Meaningful Use Criteria

Stage 2 meaningful use criteria shall expand upon the Stage 1 criteria to encourage the use of health IT for continuous quality improvement at the point of care and the exchange of information in the most structured format possible, such as the electronic transmission of orders entered using computerized provider order entry (CPOE) and the electronic transmission of diagnostic test results (such as blood tests, microbiology, urinalysis, pathology tests, radiology, cardiac imaging, nuclear medicine tests, pulmonary function tests and other such data needed to diagnose and treat disease).

Stage 3 meaningful use criteria shall focus on promoting improvements in quality, safety and efficiency, focusing on decision support for national high priority conditions, patient access to self management tools, access to comprehensive patient data and improving population health.

Stage 1 Meaningful Use Defined in Detail

Goal 1: To further the care goal of improving quality, safety, efficiency and reducing health disparities.

1. Use CPOE (which entails the provider's use of computer assistance to directly enter medical orders (for example, medications, consultations with other providers, laboratory services, imaging studies, and other auxiliary services) from a computer or mobile device. The order is also documented or captured in a digital, structured, and computable format for use in improving safety and organization. For Stage 1 criteria, it will not include the electronic transmittal of that order to the pharmacy, laboratory, or diagnostic imaging center)
2. Implement drug-drug, drug-allergy, drug-formulary checks.
3. Maintain an up-to-date problem list of current and active diagnoses based on ICD-9-CM or SNOMED CT®. It also includes past diagnoses relevant to the current care of the patient.
4. Generate and transmit permissible prescriptions electronically (eRx).
5. Maintain active medication list.
6. Maintain active medication allergy list.
7. Record the following demographics: preferred language, insurance type, gender, race and ethnicity, and date of birth.
8. Record and chart changes in the following vital signs: height, weight and blood pressure and calculate and display body mass index (BMI) for ages 2 and over; plot and display growth charts for children 2 - 20 years, including BMI.
9. Record smoking status for patients 13 years old or older.
10. Incorporate clinical lab-test results into EHR as structured data.
11. Generate lists of patients by specific conditions to use for quality improvement, reduction of disparities, research, and outreach.
12. Report ambulatory quality measures to CMS (or, for EPs seeking the Medicaid incentive payment, the States).
13. Send reminders to patients per patient preference for preventive/follow-up care. Patient preference refers to the patient's choice of delivery method between internet based delivery or delivery not requiring internet access.
14. Implement five clinical decision support rules relevant to specialty or high clinical priority, including for diagnostic test ordering, along with the ability to track compliance with those rules.
15. Check insurance eligibility electronically from public and private payers.
16. 16. Submit claims electronically to public and private payers.

Goal 2: Provide patients and families with timely access to data, knowledge, and tools to make informed decisions and to manage their health

1. Provide patients with an electronic copy of their health information (including diagnostics test results, problem list, medication lists, allergies) upon request. Electronic copies may be provided through a number of secure electronic methods (for example, personal health record (PHR), patient portal, CD, USB drive).
2. Provide patients with timely electronic access to their health information (including lab results, problem list, medication lists, allergies) within 96 hours of the information being available to the EP. Electronic access may be provided by a number of secure electronic methods (for example, PHR, patient portal, CD, USB drive). Timely is defined as within 96 hours of the information being available to the EP either through the receipt of final lab results or a patient interaction that updates the EP's knowledge of the patient's health. 
3. Provide clinical summaries for patients for each office visit.

Goal 3: To improve care coordination by enabling exchange of meaningful clinical information among professional health care team.

1. Capability to exchange key clinical information (for example, problem list, medication list, allergies, and diagnostic test results), among providers of care and patient authorized entities electronically.
2. Perform medication reconciliation at relevant encounters and each transition of care.
3. Provide summary care record for each transition of care or referral.

 

Goal 4: To improve population and public health by having the patient's health care team communicate with public health agencies.

1. Capability to submit electronic data to immunization registries and actual submission where possible and accepted.
2. Capability to provide electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies and actual transmission according to applicable law and practice.

Goal 5: To ensure adequate privacy and security protections for confidential information through operating policies, procedures, and technologies and compliance with applicable law and provide transparency of data sharing to patient.

1. Protect electronic health information created or maintained by the certified EHR technology through the implementation of appropriate technical capabilities.

 

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RevenueXL Inc. assists medical practices in the assessment, selection and implementation of Medical Software including EMR Software (also called EHR Software), Patient Portal, and Practice Management or Medical Billing software. RevenueXL offers a free consultation session to review your current challenges and answer open questions revolving around EMR and revenue cycle.

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The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) provides $17.2 billion in Medicare and Medicaid incentives designed to facilitate widespread implementation of certified Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in physician practices and hospitals. Physicians, facilities, and other providers will receive money through Medicare or Medicaid programs for their "meaningful use" of EHR Software.

What constitutes "meaningful use" still hasn't been precisely defined. And there's still a lot of uncertainly. However, this hasn't prevented EHR vendors from aggressively marketing their EMR / EHR solutions to physicians and medical clinics, small and large.

What are these vendors doing to overcome physician hesitancy to implement EMR? They are guaranteeing that their EMR products will exceed, or at least meet, the requirements imposed by CMS. These warranties aim to lower one of the highest barriers to early EMR adoption: uncertainty about future standards.

Here's a sampling of the current vendor guarantees:

• ChartLogic Inc. says: "I guarantee that ChartLogic EMR users will be able to meet the "meaningful use" requirements needed to receive the stimulus money."
• eClinicalWorks similarly commits to supporting its customers' ability to meet the HITECH Act's "meaningful use" standards. In its license agreement, it warrants that its software will support the "meaningful use" criteria of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRP).
• Athenahealth Inc. guarantees that its her users will receive Medicare meaningful use incentive payments authorized under the HITECH Act within the economic stimulus law. Athenahealth states:

"For each month for which you don't receive your qualified HITECH Act Federal Stimulus reimbursement dollars during the first year of funding, we will credit our monthly service payments, for up to six months. This offer applies to HITECH Act reimbursement payments only. Additional terms, conditions and limitations apply."

Note that the guarantee does not cover Medicaid incentive payments because of variations at the state level.

• Praxis EMR guarantees qualification under the ARRA's meaningful use guidelines within 90 days of publication, or your money back.
• Practice Fusion guarantees that physicians using its EHR will qualify for meaningful use before HITECH payments begin in January 2011.

A careful reading of these warranties reveals that every vendor pretty much guarantees that its EHR Software will qualify for "meaningful use" under the ARRA. However, the burden of proof that the qualified EHR is being used in a manner that proves "meaningful use" still lies with the physician.

Today, many physician organizations are expressing strong views about what they would like a working definition of "meaningful use" to include.

For example, the MGMA recently recommended that the federal government conduct a small pilot project among vendors and physician practices, to ensure that the process of demonstrating meaningful use will be achievable and practical. And they want the feds to complete the pilot program before any incentive programs for meaningful use of electronic health records begin. Additionally, the MGMA wants attestation and/or survey instruments to serve as primary methods for demonstration, instead of imposing arbitrary reporting thresholds on physicians. (Read more about MGMA's perspective on meaningful use of EHRs.)

According to recommendations submitted by HIMSS in April, it wants the following:

1. To ensure continuity, recognize CCHIT as the certifying body of EHRs.
2. To achieve incremental maturation of "meaningful use," adopt metrics that can be reasonably captured and reported beginning in FY11/2011, and then made increasingly stringent using intervals of not less than two years. HIMSS' definitions include specific metrics to enact, in phases, over a multi-year period.
3. To bridge existing gaps in interoperability of health information, coordinate with HITSP and IHE to create new harmonized standards and implementation guides.
4. Reconcile the gap between "certified EHR technologies," "best of breed," and "open source" technologies.

• Read the HIMSS definition for meaningful use of technology in hospitals
• Read the HIMSS definition for meaningful users of EHR technology
• Read the HIMSS letter sent to ONC and CMS
 

But where are we on the definition of meaningful use of an EHR?

HHS hasn't released a formal proposal for the final rules for meaningful use of EMRs. However, there are hints of what it might wind up including. National health IT coordinator Dr. David Blumenthal, speaking at the American Medical Informatics Association's annual symposium, said, "The meaningful use framework will be about the goals of care, not the technology." That's fairly vague, and Dr. Blumenthal didn't elaborate on the specifics.

My personal perspective on 'Meaningful Use'

Physicians should be aware that simply buying and installing an EHR doesn't always bring efficiencies to a medical clinic, or even prove meaningful use of an EHR. EMR software (also called EHR software) is only a piece of the complicated puzzle - it's only an enabler. Physicians would be well advised to do their homework to determine whether the promised ROI of the selected EHR system will actually be realized. And they should also recognize that the ball will be in their court when it comes to proving "meaningful use" of the EHR.

 

 

Contact us for a free 'no-obligation' Consulting Session to address any questions that you may have with regard to 'Qualified EHR', 'Meaningful Use', EMR Costs, etc.

 

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RevenueXL Inc. assists medical practices in the assessment, selection and implementation of Medical Software including EMR Software (also called EHR Software), Patient Portal, and Practice Management or Medical Billing software. RevenueXL offers a free consultation session to review your current challenges and answer open questions revolving around EMR and revenue cycle.